Geomorphology and stream habitat relationships with smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) abundance at multiple spatial scales in eastern Oklahoma
نویسندگان
چکیده
Fluvial geomorphic processes structure habitats important to stream fishes. We determined relationships between densities of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and ecoregions, watershed and reach morphology, and stream habitat in eastern Oklahoma, USA. Watershed and reach morphology were measured at 128 stream sites, and stream habitat and smallmouth bass abundance were measured in 1800 channel units. Variation in stream size, channel morphology, and substrate size constituted major physical differences among sites. Channel morphology differed among ecoregions in the largest streams. Densities of age-0 and age-1 and older smallmouth bass were approximately an order of magnitude greater in the Boston Mountains and Ozark Highlands streams than in Ouachita Mountains streams. Regression tree analysis explained less variation in age-0 (10-fold cross-validated relative error = 0.843) than in age-1 and older (relative error = 0.650) smallmouth bass densities and showed that stream size and channel-unit size were primary determinants of density. Channel morphology explained variation in densities in deep channel units of large streams, which was somewhat independent of ecoregion. Résumé : Les mécanismes de géomorphologie fluviale structurent les habitats qui sont importants pour les poissons d’eau courante. Nous avons déterminé les relations entre les densités d’achigans à petite bouche (Micropterus dolomieu) et les écorégions, la morphologie du bassin versant et des sections, ainsi que les habitats des cours d’eau dans l’est de l’Oklahoma, É.-U. Nous avons mesuré la morphologie du bassin versant et de la section à 128 sites et déterminé l’habitat fluvial et la densité des achigans à petite bouche dans 1800 unités de chenal. Les variations de taille du cours d’eau, de la morphologie du chenal et de la granulométrie du substrat constituent les différences physiques majeures entre les sites. La morphologie du chenal varie dans les plus grands cours d’eau d’une écorégion à une autre. Les densités des achigans d’âge 0, d’âge 1 et d’âges supérieurs sont environ 10 fois plus importantes dans les cours d’eau des monts Boston et des terres hautes de l’Ozark que dans ceux des monts Ouachita. Une analyse par arbre de régression explique moins de variation (erreur relative par validation croisée en 10 parties = 0,843) de la densité des achigans à petite bouche d’âge 0 que de la densité des poissons d’âge 1 ou plus (erreur relative = 0,650); elle montre aussi que la taille du cours d’eau et celle de l’unité de chenal sont les principaux facteurs déterminants de la densité. La morphologie du chenal explique les variations de densité dans les unités de chenal profondes des grands cours d’eau, en partie indépendamment de l’écorégion. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Dauwalter et al. 1129
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